فصلنامه اقتصاد اسلامی
پیاپی 83 (پاییز 1400)

Due to the intensive fluctuations of the housing sector in recent years, the situation has become very difficult for the low-income groups, especially the tenants. The premise of traditional contract law, characterized by the principle of contractual freedom, is the relative balance of the parties to the contract, otherwise the contractual justice is distorted.In Imami jurisprudence, justice is one of the most important goals of Sharia and has mechanisms that can prevent the occurrence of any unconventional and unfair effects and consequences in contractual relations. According, rules such as La Zarar or La Haraj, the prevention of usury and the principles of Tavazon and Eealleh and authority of the Islamic ruler, allow the Islamic State to intervene within the limits of private contracts and reduce any kind of oppression and injustice.In this article, while examining contract justice using the Malpezzi Model, the index of housing rent control laws is calculated as a measure of the bargaining power of tenants for selected countries and Iran's position in the amount of tenant support is determined. The results of this calculation show that the Malpezzi Index for Iran is zero before the corona pandemic, but with the implementation of some temporary rent control laws during the corona period, it has reached 6.76, which is a wide distance from other successful countries in controlling the rental market. Assuming the application of Islamic rules and proposing the relevant laws in the Malpezzi Model, the Index for Iran became 13.76, which shows that if the Islamic rules are applied in the housing rental market, Iran can be among the top countries in managing the housing rental market

This paper is to explore and present the slightly ethical model of production from the Islamic approach in relation with other teachings and from principal sources of Islam i.e. Quran, tradition and wisdom. This research using descriptive methodology shows that principals and rules such as confidence, anticipation honesty, preventive justice, the need for patience, apply tactics and plans, the need for moderation, and the main criterion of the real need and based on intellectual and ethical foundations such as monotheism as a theological base, being targeted and the best system as cosmological bases, originality and evolutionary of spirit, need, being targeted, believe to hereafter, and responsibility as anthropological bases and finally self-love as ethical base and normative theory, provide a consistent and good living with the characteristics of social justice, security and growth and comprehensive accession for the temporal living of the human. Accordingly, an ethical human can bring socially advanced society while fully and optimally benefiting from natural resources and divine gifts in the way of producing his real needs and society, promoting high spirituality and providing a monotheistic life.

Managing public opinion requires spending from the production to the distribution of content; The existence of costs along with resource constraints necessitates the optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of public opinion management in promoting compassionate behavior using the method of laboratory economics. Compassionate behavior in the conditions of economic warfare not only mitigates the effects of this war in the economic dimension, but also significantly increases social solidarity by strengthening social foundations and effectively reduces the effects of economic warfar. Identifying the most vulnerable groups in the face of different types of media, as well as identifying the most vulnerable groups of people in order to allocate resources to promote Compassionate behavior, significantly optimizes and make effective the management of public opinion. For this purpose, the experimental economics method was used in which it is possible to control the disturbing variables and apply the intervention and evaluate its impact. The subjects were selected from 486 people by controlled sampling method. Of these, 250 were men. The experimental design used was within design. In order to analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of covariance was used. The results of the study identified the factors affecting this economic behavior as well as the most vulnerable group of people in order to allocate resources optimally to strengthen and expand this behavioral virtue.

Practical methods of economics are shaped by its fundamental method. Epistemological foundations as part of the fundamental method, play a significant role in the applied method of economics. Mainstream economics is currently using the deductive hypothesis method as its main method and other methods are used as complement. Hypotheses are also derived largely from the theoretical legacy of economics. The findings of other disciplines and empirical observations are used as a refinement to basic theories. A critical study of these methods based on epistemological foundations suggests that the axiomatic method has the disadvantage of using uncertain premise in economics. The method of deductive hypotheses uses only probabilistic premise, and in that case, is limited to eliminating the sequence clause by experimental test. Islamic scholars use certain premises to eliminate these harms and use the disconfirming of sequence clause and confirming if clause in the method of exceptional deduction. Inductive method in this view can have three forms (incomplete induction, complete and with practical results) in Islamic economics and leaving it causes methodological problems. The interpretive method could be used in the study of human economic action and the recognition of political obstacles, and the critical method can play a significant role in the prescriptive and policy dimension of Islamic economics.

The family is the most important social institution which the strength, weakness, health and corruption of society depend on it. Unlike capitalism, Islam considers spiritual matters as the principle and rejects the highlighting of material things (property, etc.), (religion, morality, etc.). The main factor in forming a family is choosing to accompany it for spiritual development and paving the way for attaining the position of nearness to Almighty Allah, which explains the other goals (educational, economic, etc.). Islam considers the analysis of the family with economic literature (maximizing material benefits) to degrade its status and prevent it from performing its main duty; Because there are more important issues involved in family formation that economic analysis is unable to find a complete answer to. Findings of the research (with analytical-descriptive method) show that economic function is acceptable as a side effect (not as the main factor) for marriage, but the main function of family formation is its educational function, which in the economic field leads to the training of committed force. Economic, reform of economic behaviors, provision and consolidation of moral values and as a result improve the economic situation, increase moral-psychological security and ... in society

Extracting the correct methodology of how socio-economic phenomena are realized helps us to discover the reality and predict future phenomena, as well as policy-making to create desirable phenomena and eliminate undesirable phenomena. Methodological individualism and methodological collectivism are the two main methodologies in this field. Methodologies that variant schools usually choose one of them according to their point of view. Since in some studies, this issue is extracted through the answer to the agent-structure problem and the type of relationship between them, the present study seeks to reach the methodology of Islamic economy. Finally, the study has concluded that the methodology of recognizing phenomena in Islamic economics is an individualistic methodology. This conclusion is the result of analysis to the types of structure, introduction the soft structure and discussing its nature and examining methodological individualism, methodological collectivism and the possibility of a third branch. It should be noted that the present study seeks to answer this question by documentary and library methods and by referring to the works of thinkers and the Holy Quran as the main religious source.

The construction industry is one of the most important industrial sectors due to its significant effect on the employment, family welfare and Gross national product (GNP), where more than 100 industries are directly and indirectly involved. The dimensions considered in this industry indicate the the advers effects of government interventions on housing finance or the inability of the government to cope with the problem. Also, most of the available financing instruments are focused on manufacturer financing. This is despite the fact that in recent years, due to the significant growth of housing prices, real purchasing power has fallen sharply. The introduced sukuk has not yet been able to completely meet the financing needs of the industry due to mismatching of project cash flow. Salam security as one of the new financing instruments has been very popular. To date, numerous studies have been conducted on the salam security considering the islamic law and country’s law, but there is a research gap regarding the use of this financial instrument, especially in developing a model that complies with the Construction industry regulations. The research question was focused on using salam securities for buying house (especially buyers in salam).Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop the new financing instrument for buying house through issuing the Salam securities based on a descriptive-analytical approach especificly to deliver housing unit at the maturity. It can be used as an appropriate financial instrument in the country’s capital market to finance the housing sector. Salam security introduced in this study was focused on financing the buyer as new Islamic Financial instrument in the housing sector. The results of the study and their comparison with the rules and regulations, especially those approved by the jurisprudential committee, indicated the possibility of implementing the proposed model